การพัฒนาโรงเรือนกระจกโซล่าเซลล์แบบย้อมสีไวแสงธรรมชาติ เพื่อการเพาะปลูกพืช

Abstract

For years, the synthetic dye has been a widely used dye sensitizer for the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC), the third generation of solar cells. However, producing such dyes undergoes complex processes that involve the use of toxic chemicals that pose a health risk and are harmful to the environment. Due to its overall impact on humans and nature, the extraction of natural dyes or pigments from plants such as chlorophyll, anthocyanin, carotenoid, etc., has attracted the interest of research as an alternative dye. Moreover, because of the competition between the use of plants as a food source and as an energy source, photovoltaic technology plays a part in helping the various activities related to food production and subsequent supply chains by providing electricity converted from solar energy. Hence, this study investigated the potential of natural dye from Malabar spinach (Basella alba) fruits, Indigo plant leaves (Strobilanthes cusia Nees), Longan leaves (Dimocarpus longan), and Inthanin bok leaves (Lagerstroemia macrocarpa) (red leaves) as photosensitizers, and also developed a DSSC greenhouse. In the preparation of the TiO2 thin film, the doctor blade technique was used. In addition, the natural dyes were extracted using the solvent extraction method. Further experimental procedures were presented in the methodology chapter. Based on the evaluation of natural pigments, Inthanin bok had the highest energy conversion efficiency (η) of 1.134%, Voc= 0.5426 V, Isc= 0.2952 mA. , Isc= 0.2952 mA. Furthermore, the longan leaves had a 0.158% efficiency with Voc= 0.5552 V and Isc=0.05332 mA. The Malabar spinach produced η=0.1021% Voc= 0.4877 V, Isc= 0.0682 mA and. and lastly, the Indigo plant produced the lowest efficiency, with 0.0118%, Voc=0.283 V, and Isc=0.00943 mA. In addition, Inthanin bok showed the highest potential and was further used in developing the DSSC roofed greenhouse. The voltage and current produced by the DSSC roof were found to be 9 V and 0.5 mA, respectively. Solanum melongena, also known as eggplant, was used as an experimental crop to evaluate the effect of DSSC canopy on crops. According to research results, the intensity of light passing through the greenhouse is only about 50% compared to outside. With the addition of the LED by DSSC, the light intensity was increased to 55%. The light intensity inside the greenhouse was measured in five (5) locations: back left (BL), back right (BR), center (C), front left. (FL) and front right (FR) and corresponding measurements are 29,250 ± 657.65 Lux, 18,225 ± 521.42 Lux, 26,325 ± 491.81 Lux, 27,010 ± 468.29 Lux and 26,080 ± 536.84 Lux. Based on the physical observations (height and number of new leaves) of the plants, it was found out to be growing successfully. Therefore, it can be concluded that the light transmitted through the greenhouse from DSSC and connected with LED lamps is sufficient for the cultivation of plants.